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Paraselene

Optical light phenomenon caused by the reflection/refraction of  moonlight in the ice particles of  the  cirrus clouds. They manifest themselves at a distance of 22 degrees to the left or right of the moon, as bright and colorful spots.

Those produced by the sun are known as parhelios. Wikipedia

Parhelic circle

Rare optical-atmospheric phenomenon in which white circles form around the sun or moon. Time and Date

Parhelio

Optical phenomenon caused by reflection/refraction of sunlight in ice particles of cirrus clouds. They are similar to solar halos (and can even occur at the same time). They manifest themselves at a distance of 22 degrees to the left or right of the sun, as bright and colorful spots.

Those produced by the moon are known as paraselenes. Time and Date

Partial moon eclipse

A type of lunar eclipse that occurs when the Earth is between the sun and the moon. The light of the cast shadow strikes a part of the moon, producing a red shadow. Time and Date

Partial eclipse of the sun

Type of solar eclipse in which the new moon partially covers the solar disk. Time and Date

Penumbra

Lighter outer part of the shadow. Partial eclipses of the sun are produced by the penumbra of the moon and the Earth projects its own into penumbral lunar eclipses. Time and Date

Penumbral lunar eclipse

A lunar eclipse of the penumbral type occurs when the moon, Earth, and sun line up almost in a straight line. The shadow of the Earth occupies the moon entirely or partially, but being penumbral, the shadow will be very weak so it will be difficult to notice the eclipse. Time and Date

Perigee

Point of the orbit at which the object is closest to Earth.

The days of perigee of the moon are highly appreciated in photography, especially in its full moon phase, also known as supermoons, in which they are especially larger and brighter. Wikipedia.

Perihelion

Point closest to the sun in Earth’s orbit. Time and Date

Planetary transit

Event that occurs when a planet passes in front of the sun. They are visible from Earth as small black dots on the solar disk. The only planets in transit are Mercury and Venus, as they orbit closer than Earth.

Pillars of light

Atmospheric phenomenon caused by reflected light in the ice crystals of the atmosphere. Time and Date

Polar day

See midnight sun.

Polar night

It occurs when the sun stays 24 hours a day below the horizon. Time and Date

Polaris

Also known as the polar star or northern star, it is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor and remains very close to the north pole of the celestial sphere. Wikipedia.




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